Sunday 17 March 2013

Vietnam visit in November 2011


After a lot of search on internet and negotiating with many tour companies we zeroed on Asia Top Travel Company as they customised as per our desire and their suggestions.
Prior to this I had to read the History of and Geography of Vietnam and find out the attractions which we would be interested in. It took almost 3 months of sporadic reading, talking to friends and of course Google.

We were travelling to Singapore to be with Bhaiyu and Poonam  during  Diwali. Initially we planned to travel to Vietnam and Cambodia at the end of our stay at Singapore.

All the bookings had been done in advance but last minute cancellation of flight on 14th Nov we left a day early and booked Hotel Camelia for 13th Night, which was in city centre – Old Quarter.
13 Nov 2011
The tour guide met us on Hanoi Airport at about 11:30 am and escorted us to our hotel. The city was about 30 kms away from the airport. By the time we got settled it was late noon. The guide and the hotel manager guided us to take a walk around the hotel. It really gave us a feel of old town and its bustling life. We located an eating joint and with the help of an English couple decided to try the local cuisine.  We zeroed in on Pho – a kind of soup with homemade noodles, veggies and chunks of chicken thrown in. I managed to gobble it down with some sauce and sprinklers.
Back to hotel for much needed siesta before we were ready for our first evening out in Hanoi.
We took a taxi and hurried to visit the museum but it was already closing time. We returned in a cyclo – a kind of Indian cycle rickshaw – via Opera House, city centre, lake and old market.
      

Evening was an event to remember. We took a street map and started exploring the nearby market. It was very crowded with no system of crossing the road or giving way to vehicles or people. Pavements were full of hawkers or the extensions of the existing shops. We paddled very well after initial hesitation.
With the spirit of adventure in the air we became adventurous and decided to drink on the roadside bars. I think this was something very special of Old Quarter in Hanoi.
Small shops are bars where there is hardly any place to sit or stock the merchandise.
They provide very small stools to sit on pavements and even a smaller stool to keep the drink. No one is denied the place. It was just short of magic how the bar owner accommodated all the new arrivals. We selected a corner bar on a crossing and were able to enjoy the happening on all four sides. Hawkers were all around selling snacks and sweetmeats. Great place to have beer and be part of the crowed.  

14 Nov Day 1: Hanoi Arrival
Upon arriving in Hanoi, our tour guide met us at the airport and transferred us to hotel for check in.  We took a walk to the Ho Hoan Kiem lake, temple and garden around it. Near the northern part of the lake is jade island on which the temple of Jade Mountain stands. It is connected with a red wooden bridge. We did go there but the temple door was closed hence couldn’t go in.  It honours the 13th cent military leader Tran hung Dao who fought valiantly against Yuan Dynasty. In the middle of the lake is a tower erected on the turtle islet. We couldn’t go there as no boat was in sight to row us there.
                    



Most exciting scene was the men and women dance-exercising on the music with the help of trainers. 


                               




We started with a visit to Ho Chi Minh’s Mausoleum from outside (since Ho Chi Minh’s Mausoleum closes from 11.30 A.M), It is very sombre and impressive. There is a stark resemblance with Lenin’s mausoleum in Moscow. I was lucky to see the change of guard. A huge ground and the big lawns face the mausoleum where the crowd gather to celebrate their Independence Day Parade and celebrations.


  

It reminded me of Republic Day parade at Raj Path of Delhi.
We turned towards left around the mausoleum and entered the Presidential Palace premises. Small and beautifully laid garden confronts the visitor but the barriers placed on the entry road prohibits us to go further. The guide advised us to take the photos from distance. It came as a    rude shock after the denial of entry at Mausoleum.            


It was built in 1900 to 1906 by French during occupation for the Governor General,President Ho Chi Minh didn’t stay in it after independence in 1954 due to populist measure saying it is too grand for his life style. He built a traditional Vietnamese stilt house and carp pond on the grounds. It is now the part of Presidential Palace Historical site.
Just behind the palace we visited another tourist spot – the house on stilts. Ho Chi Minh lived and worked here from 1958 to 1969. It illustrates the importance of simplicity and modesty of this revolutionary leader. The two upstairs rooms are study and bedroom and  the ground floor is a meeting room with a simple table with 8-10 chairs. The carp pound adjacent to it provided him a serene walk and fishing opportunity.

                      

13.00 – 14.00 We visited the Temple of Literature that was originally built as a temple to
Confucius, this is the site of Vietnam’s first University dating back to 1070. The temple highlights
the importance that Vietnamese society place then and now on education.It is also known as temple of Confucious. It was first constructed in 1070For nearly 1000 years it has preserved its ancient architectural style of many dynasties and precious relics at the sanctuary. It has gone through many destruction due to wars, disasters and restorations.

14.00: We were back to the centre of Hanoi. Took one hour Cyclo Tour through the Old Quarter:
thousands of small businesses and shopkeepers. Originally each of the 36 names’ was related
to the products being sold there. It’s a great place to explore on foot with numerous photo
opportunities. Once again we walked around Hoan Kiem Lake and visit Ngoc Son temple on
the Hoan Kiem Lake, its history dating back to the 13th century. The temple is reached by
crossing the The Huc Bridge which literally means the ‘Place Touched by Morning Sunbeams’.
The Hoan Kiem Lake is the local point of the city and the source of many legends. I was pleasantly surprised to see people worshipping in the morning in typical Indian style with folded hands and placing incense in front of the idol.


At the end of the day, we enjoyed the traditional water puppet performance in a theatre. It was something I had never seen. Only regret was that photography was not allowed. We had drinks at roadside bar on the street of Old Quarter followed by dinner.

We stayed in Hong Ngoc 3 Hotel.


15 Nov Day 2: Hanoi - Ha Long Bay
After the continental breakfast at the hotel, the driver, picked us to take us to travel to Halong Bay. The world heritage site, Halong Bay, is truly one of Vietnam’s most impressive scenic sights. Upon arrival at Ha Long, we were welcomed by our local guide on board Phoenix Cruise. Heading out of the town we embarked on a Chinese style junk for an exploration of the legendary Halong Bay.
This exciting cruise provided a fantastic view of the picturesque scenery blending with some
3,000 limestone islands and islets rising amazingly from the clear and emerald water. It being a cloudy day the colours all around were hazy – not a good light for photographs. Sea food
lunch was served while cruising through the bay.
            

The limestone karsts formations are littered with beaches. We explored the Sung Sot Caves which still reserve much of the amazing original stalactites and stalagmites. We stayed overnight on the boat.

                                

The cave is partitioned into two chambers. The first one appeared to be a wide theatre hall illminated with artificial rainbow lights. A narrow passage leads to another where natural light from the opening at the ceiling illuminates the walls.

16 nov Day 3: Ha Long Bay- Hanoi – night train to Lao Cai
Wake up in the morning to the calming sound of the waves crashing on the nearby islands. You
enjoy a morning coffee and watch the world going by in the bay. Sitting on the upper deck and
enjoy the breath-taking beauty of the rocky islands rising from the crystal-clear water of the
bay. The quiet is almost eerie; we can hear birds singing, cicadas chirping ashore and the gentle
lapping of the waves against our boat, the perfect soundtrack to accompany the fresh air and
gentle breeze.
We again took a boat ride to Ti Top island situated about 7-8 kms south-east of Bai Chay. On 22 Nov 1962, this tiny island was visited by a Russian astronaut, Ghermann Ti Top. It is named to commemorate his visit with Ho Chi Minh. It has beautiful beach with white sands. We climbed up about 370 steps to have a panoramic view of the bay.

     

Our Junk starts cruising back while the brunch was served. The chef took a demo cookery lesson of spring rolls. Arrived at harbor by 12:00 noon, and were transferred straight back to hotel in Hanoi.
We again went out to have a walk around Old Quarter and Dong Xuan Market and enjoyed the last few hours in Hanoi. By 7:30 pm our guided helped us board the train, King Express to Sapa. There was no over-head bridge or subway. We had to drag our luggage crossing hoards of rail tracks to reach to the platform. The train had an old world feel; compartment of four soft berths with clean bed linen.





17 Nov Day 4 :Lao Cai – Sapa – Cat Cat
Upon arrival at Lao Cai Railway station in the early morning,  guide and driver received us at the exit of the railway station. It was an hour’s drive up hill to Sapa town. We were driven to a restaurant for bath and breakfast. We stroll around Sapa town, visited Ham Rong mountain and Sapa market and chatting with H’Mong, Dao people who come to market for trading. Colourful tribal dress, purses, aluminum bracelet, silver necklaces, horn comb at all sorts can be found from stalls on the second floor of the building. Ground floor of the market is lively with all sorts of green vegetables, fruits, foods cultivated in Sapa.

                           

Ham Rong Mountain climb seemed intimidating at the start but it turned out to be the most beautiful cultivated mountain-garden. Natural black rock formations were captivating. On way up we had to go through the market, small houses and old French colonial buildings. We had the feel of the life and engagements of local people.
Some shops were selling snake wine – literally snakes were inside the wine bottles. Likewise many wines with different insects inside were there for sale. 
Up on the mountain it was panoramic view of the sapa town.

                     

 they have made a cultural centre and arranged a folk dance programme for visitors. Few girls and boys in their traditional dress performed. We climbed down to Sapa town and way back was much easier and less strenuous. Next on the agenda was a walk to Cat Cat village of the Black H’Mong people. These people wear Black dress specially a black scarf covers their hair.  It was opposite to Ham Rong Mountain. We stepped down abour 370 steps to the river stream. The people lived in the narrow alleys and small huts. The men work in fields and womenfolk were engaged in weaving, dyeing and embroidery.  We visited a local H’Mong friendly family and enrich our tribal knowledge with the help of local guide’s passion

                               

We crossed the small river bridge to come otherside to come back to Sapa Town. On way back near the river side we took rest in a roadside stall with a glass of apple wine. We had decided earlier to go to Guide’s house on way back and she will prepare local food for us.   We were really very tired by walking about 3 hours to and fro Cat Cat Village. We came back to our hotel and decided to take rest at the hotel instead of walking once again to Guide’s house for dinner.. We took dinner that night in an Indian restaurant.
Approx: 1,5 hour driving/ 3 hours walking/ 1 hour lunch.
Meals: Breakfast
Accommodation: Hotel    -   Holiday Sapa

18 Nov Day 5: Sapa - Sapa - Heaven Gate – Ta Phin - Sapa – night train back to Hanoi
Pick up at the hotel and travel toward the Silver Waterfall, and Heaven Gate, the highest peak
of roads in Vietnam. Enjoy a stunning view and watch Fansipan mount,

Next morning we travelled to Heaven Gate and had wonderful view of Fansipan mountains the top roof of Indochina 3143 meters. It is 3 kms climb from silver waterfall it is a long and difficult trek to the mountain. We decided against it and enjoyed the breath taking view from Heaven Gate. It is the highest stretch of road in Vietnam.

                              
                                    Heaven Gate                                            Fancipan Mountains

On way back we visited Silver Water fall which   is 5 km short of Sapa town. It is alongside the road with a height of 100 mts, its a big one and the loop track is steep and scenic. Sapa is the coldest place in Vietnam..\
Silver Water Fall

The walk was planned at a point nearby the waterfall, by a descent on a trail through bamboo
forest, which belongs to Hoang Lien National Park. It again involved lots of walking which deterred us.  We came back to Sapa town.

Toll to pay before entry to Ta Phin

After lunch, we took a taxi ride to Ta Phin village, where Community Based Tourism in Sapa
takes place. This happened to be the village of our guide, MayLinh. The village is inhabited by the Red Dzao ethnic tribe. These are identified by women wearing red scarf on head hiding the hair. It was also revealed that all married women have to hide hair by tying in red turban. We got down to the main road and walk ensued on a side road to Ta Phin village. We came across a ruin of bombed building where nuns stayed. It was real hot sunny day and the walk didn’t seem to end. We took lift from two bike riders and came to village centre. It was cool under the shade and hoards of red turbaned women thronged the centre displaying their handicrafts for sale. A bargained ensued and some and tempted me to buy few souvenirs.


I also met the mother of May Linh, a very affable old woman. Male members of family were out on their farms and women were at Handicraft Centre busy embroidering dresses, bags, scarves etc. We also visited a facility of herbal bath. Tempted with the idea we went there but looking at the barrel of herbal water it seemed very unhygienic to get into those where others might have been sitting before us. We took some refreshment at the local shop which was designed to cater the tourists. The owners of such shops provide bed and breakfast for budget travellers.

It took us about two hours before the van picked us to travel back to Lao Cai train station for night train back to Hanoi. On way back May Linh casually mentioned about proximity  to China Border. We requested the driver and May Linh to take us to the international border which they agreed after consulting their office on phone. By the time we reached there it was dark and no time for the photo shoot, still I took some very poorly lit photos.

                   Obelisk at Vietnam side                 Vietnam China Border                                   border post
Just a small river is the border between Vietnam and China. The trade between two countries is voluminous. China buys raw material from Vietnam and sells finished products in Vietnam. Viets don’t need visa or passport to travel to China. They have been issued cards which enable them to travel unhindered to China. We came back to Lao Cai Railway station to take night train to Hanoi which departed at 20.35.

The whole trip involved approximately two hours of drive and 3 hours of walking.


19 Nov Day 6: Hanoi arrival - flight to Danang – Hoi An
It was vVery comfortable night journey in the train which arrived at Hanoi around 4.30 A.M. The Guide, Phong, received us on the station with a driver who transferred us to the airport for flight
to Danang. We met, Minh, another guide at Danag Airport and drove about.......miles to reach the Vinh Hung 2 Hotel at Hoi An. A very intelligent and informed Minh kept on giving us inputs during our drive to Hoi An.
Danang: One of the major towns of Central Vietnam had a long history. It is also a famous tourist destination for Golf playing visitors. We drove through Danang to Hoi An
foto

Hoi An
In 1999, the old town was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO as a well-preserved example of a Southeast Asian trading port of the 15th to 19th centuries, with buildings that display a unique blend of local and foreign influences.
The city possessed the largest harbour in Southeast Asia in the 1st century and was known Champa City. Between the seventh and 10th centuries, the Cham (people of Champa) controlled the strategic spice trade and with this came tremendous wealth. The boats still used today in Hoi An probably have the same hull shape as those used by the Champas for ocean voyages.
The former harbour town of the Cham at the estuary of the Thu Bồn River was an important Vietnamese trading centre in the 16th and 17th centuries, where Chinese from various provinces as well as Japanese, Dutch and Indians settled. During this period of the China trade, the town was called Hai Pho (Seaside Town) in Vietnamese. Originally, Hai Pho was a divided town with the Japanese settlement across the "Japanese Bridge" (16th-17th century). The bridge (Chùa cầu) is a unique covered structure built by the Japanese, the only known covered bridge with a Buddhist pagoda attached to one side.
 
                Old town across river                                          Japanese Bridge

    
                                   A view of old town – a world heritage site
Afternoon, enjoyed a walking tour through the Old Quarter. Hoi An is also famous for its large
number of tailor shops. They deliver the made to order clothes at the hotel within 24 hours.
Streets are named after the countries from where people came and settled down; specially China and Japan. Still such people live here and maintain their culture and life style. The river water was  just a feet below the road level. I was not very comfortable but people in the roads were quite ok with it.
In one of the old houses inmates have arranged a small programme of Chinese folk songs and dances for the visitors. I didn’t understand the words but the music and dance were captivating.

We visited an old traditional two storied Chinese house which was largely made of wood. The front room is for the male head of the family to receive people. Here all males spend their mornings and evenings except for going out for work. An opening in the ceiling of this hall is made to let the inmates know what is going on in the hall. Or, in case of floods-which is a frequent occurrence- the luggage can be shifted upstairs through ropes.

        
               wooden house                          courtyard with plants                         opening in the floor
Females remain inside cooking and rearing children. Every couple is given a small wooden cabin to sleep. Elderly ladies sleep in a bigger common room. A small open courtyard surrounded by rooms and walls is for women to relax. No outsider can peep inside this courtyard.



We went through local fruit and vegetable market and Avi got the much needed supari though it was fresh green. He also had pan for the first time in whole of his trip. We came across tiger balm and couldn’t refrain from buying.
   

Accommodation: Hotel in Hoi An - Vinh Hung 2 hotel/
Meal: None
20 Nov Day 7: Hoi An - Hue
This morning we drive to Hue, we will cross Hai Van Pass where you will have magnificent view
of the China Sea. Stop at Lang Co to have break. Visit the fascinating Cham Museum, famous
China Beach and the Marble Mountains en route to Hue. Arrive Hue, check in the hotel and free
at leisure.
Next morning we drove to Hue escorted by Minh. The drive was beautiful in the morning sun
And we came upon Hai Van Pass.



The Hải Vân Pass (ocean cloud pass), is an approximately 21km long mountain pass on National Road 1A in Vietnam. It traverses a spur of the larger Annamite Range that juts into the South China Sea, on the border of Danang and Thừa Thiên-Huế Province - difficult to pronounce- I just copied the spelling near Bach Ma National Park. Its name refers to the mists that rise from the sea, reducing visibility. Historically, the pass was a physical division between the kingdoms of Champa and Dai Viet.
The twisting road on the pass has long been a challenge for drivers travelling between the cities of Huế and Đà Nẵng. Since the completion of Hai Van Tunnel, traffic flow and safety have improved.[1] The pass has been the scene of at least two of Vietnam's most serious rail accidents, and at least one air crash.
Minh advised us not to take the tunnel as we would miss out on the landscapes and magnificent view of South China Sea.
Hai Van Tunnel
           

The project's major constructors were a Vietnam-Japan joint venture, Hazama-Cienco 6, and a joint venture between Korea's Dong Ah construction company and Vietnam's Song Da Construction Corporation.
The tunnel officially opened on June 5, 2005.
The main tunnel is 11.9 meters wide. A second tunnel running alongside the main tunnel is currently used for maintenance and emergencies but it is planned to expand this at a later date as traffic increases. It is connected to the main tunnel by 15 cross-tunnels. The tunnels have lighting, fire alarms, communication, water supply and treatment, ventilation fans, and radio broadcast systems. The tunnel subsequently has received an award for quality by the American Construction Management Association.

Lang Co Beach
 
Lang Co is an attractive, island-like stretch of palm-shaded white sand, with a crystal-clear, turquoise lagoon on one side and 10 kilo­metres of beachfront on the other. Unfortunately the beach and the edges of the lagoon can turn into litter traps. Many open-tour buses make a lunch stop here and it makes a fine place to hop off for a night or two, depending on the weather. Lang Co was devastated by a major typhoon in late 2006, but within a few weeks all of the resorts had reopened and rebuilding was well underway.
There are spectacular views of Lang Co from the Hai Van Pass.
Cham Museum
The Museum of Cham Sculpture is a museum located in Hai Chau district, Đà Nẵng, central Vietnam. The museum was founded in 1915 as the Musée Henri Parmentier during the colonial French era to preserve the finds of the ancient Champa kingdom and is the only museum in the world dedicated solely to this era. It houses the largest collection of Cham sculpture. The building is situated by the Han River. It is a popular tourist destination
                     

The Museum’s first building was opened in 1919, but many Cham sculptures collected in Da Nang, Quang Nam and elsewhere were brought to the site over the preceding twenty years. The collection was begun by French archaelogists and experts from L’École Francaise d’Extrême Orient (EFEO). Some artefacts were sent to Paris and others to the Ha Noi and Sai Gon (now Ho Chi Minh City) museums, but many typical objects were left in Tourane (now Da Nang).



China Beach

   

China Beach, Vietnam, an endless expanse of unspoiled white sand beach, is one of the best beaches in Vietnam. It is more famous among the American and Australian soldiers for being the landing ground during the Vietnam War. China Beach lies a few kilometers to the south of Danang within close range to the Marble Mountains, one of the Vietnam popular destinations.
China Beach seems to still cling to its past horrors of war with the ruins of the military base like the helicopter hangars lying in the beach. Nevertheless, China Beach today is regarded as one of the preferred Vietnam tourist attractions with its expansive white sand beach and friendly people. China Beach today has grown to house a small community of guesthouse owners, marble statue shops, and other various trades.



With its vast expanse of pristine water and clean unspoiled beach, China Beach, Vietnam gives an invigorating experience to the visitors. A swim in the clear water or a long walk along the clean grainy sand that extends up to several kilometers is a must for the visitors here. For those who love a luxurious stay, China Beach has the best to offer in Vietnam, the Furama Resort. This is an award winning resort with best accommodation facilities along with a range of recreational activities like diving and water sports. This resort offers 200 luxuriously furnished rooms and suites. We had a very short stay at the beach as swimming was not allowed and a danger sign was posted there.









Marble Mountains:  We drove to the marble mountains which are almost on the outskirts of Danang city.

View taken from one of the mountains
Marble Mountains (Five elements mountains) is a cluster of five marble and limestone hills located in Ngu Hanh Son ward, south of Da Nang city in Vietnam. The five 'mountains' are named after the five elements; Kim (metal), Thuy (water), Moc (wood), Hoa (fire) and Tho (earth). All of the mountains have cave entrances and numerous tunnels, and it is possible to climb to the summit of one of the peaks. Several buddhist sanctuaries can also be found within the mountains, making this a famous tourist destination.The area is famous for stone sculpture making and stone-cutting crafts. Direct rock extraction from the mountains was banned recently. Materials are now being transported from quarries in Quang Nam province. As of 2003 the district had a population of 50,105 . The district covers an area of 37 km. The district capital lies at Da Nang.

On way near the mountains were many workshops and showrooms displaying the statues and other marble artefacts.
They have provided a lift which takes us to second level but our guide for the reason known to him took us through the steps. It was a real climb and Avi decided to hold on the first level and I went along with him to the rest of caves dedicated to Buddha and some Hindu Gods.
            
Brief on caves nestled in the mountains: There are numerous tunnels and cave entrances in here which make it more alluring to the tourists. One of the caves had two large statues of gods guarding the entrance. Statues of Buddha are present inside many caves. Since 1975 the Marble Mountains has gained popularity as one of the major Vietnam popular destinations.
The Marble Mountains are also home to quite a few Buddhist sanctuaries. These are one of the greatest draws of Marble Mountains, Vietnam. The mountains were used by the war lords in the past to store their wealth and it was the responsibility of the monks to safeguard the wealth, the caves and the passengers. No one knows for sure how much wealth was hidden in these mountains. Only the monks as the custodians had the information and they were the only people who knew the various ways inside the mountains.
Beside the monasteries the area is prominent for stone sculpture making and stone cutting crafts. These are traditional practices and the Marble Mountains, Vietnam are renowned for its excellence in the field. In the mountains is the village of Dong Hai which has around 600 families involved in the business of stone engraving. The villagers are also skilled in jewelry and art work. Vietnam exports stones extracted from Marble Mountains. Recently the government has banned rock extraction in the area which has led to transportation of materials from the quarries in Quang Nam province.
There is a village at the base of Marble Mountains, Vietnam called Nui Kim Son meaning Mountain of Gold. Earlier it was the artisans from this village who made jewellery for the war lords. Today it is still the livelihood of many villagers.
Thuy Son (water) is the highest peak in Marble Mountains, Vietnam. Its fascinating beauty has resulted in its development as a major tourist attraction. Today it has turned into a popular tourist resort. The Tam Thai Pagoda is a major tourist attraction here. Carved into the mountains are atone steps that lead both to the Pagoda and the Huyen Khong Cave. This pagoda has an interesting history of its own. Earlier both Hindu and Buddhist gods were paid tribute here. Today it is devoted to Cham deities. The Huyen Khong Cave played an important role during the wars. It was one of the vital bases for the revolutionaries


       
           buddhist temple                                       pagoda                                             hanuman
It took me almost one hour of climb and many more steps to go into caves and enjoy the marvel of human endurance and devotion. Avi regretted that he declined to go up.
After this visit to mountains we drove down to Hue, another ancient town.

By the time we reached Hue in the afternoon, the sky was heavily overcast and occasional showers seemed threatening and my apprehensions became stronger that we might have to stay indoors or buy raincoats and retrieve our trip in whatever way it was possible. On Minh’s (our guide) advice we hurried up to Perfume river for the boat ride as the river was in spate and with looming rains it might have become unmanageable next day.

The river makes a beautiful sight and with the mountain breeze and the smell of plants and mountain trees coming from its water source, the river brings with it the smell of the mountains too. And this is probably why the river was named “Perfume River”. It is very close to sea hence it is very wide. I read somewhere that it is slow because of nearness to the sea but on that day it was very rapid and looked intimidating. Minh explained that due to rains, floods and typhoon the river changes its character.

Nearby, the Ngu Binh Mountain provides a magnificent backdrop with its symmetrical shape. Together, the mountain and the river offer a marvellous view to visitors of Hue. Often, tourists refer to Hue as “the land of the Perfume River and the Ngu Binh Mountain”.From both sides of the river, from the Citadel, the gardens, pagodas, fortress and temples, the view of the river is also breathtaking. The reflections from the water inspire romance and whimsical imagination. The poetic emotions roused by the river are what most believe to be the reason why Hue is perceived as a peaceful, quiet and a sleepy city by many tourists. And Hue is indeed a tranquil city, seemingly oblivious to the modern changes happening all around it.
    
A family of four lived on the boat which took us around. The houses are costly and many families live on the boat, taking tourists around and selling curios and mementoes to them.
We got down to the other side of the river and went to see Thien Mu pagoda. It is an active Buddhist monestry.
Built in 1601 on the order of the first Nguyen Lords, Nguyen Hoang, who at that time was the governor of Thuan Hoa (now known as Hue). According to the royal annals, Hoang while touring the vicinity, was told of the local legend in which an old lady, known as Thiên Mụ (literally "celestial lady"), dressed in red and blue sat at the site, rubbing her cheeks. She foretold that a lord would come and erect a pagoda on the hill to pray for the country's prosperity. She then vanished after making her prophecy. Upon hearing this, Hoang ordered the construction of a temple at the site, thus the beginning of Thiên Mụ Tu.

    
Phuoc Duyen Tower, Thien Mu Pagoda      stone turtle with a stele on its back
 The temple also contains a statue of a large marble turtle, a symbol of longevity. Beside the tower on either side are structures that record the architectural history of the tower, as well as various poems composed by Thiệu Trị.
In the main hall, there is a statue of Maitreya Buddha and afternoon prayers were going on. In rain drenched weather we were asked to remove shoes and raincoats wherever there was a statue of Buddha. It was irritating many a time but religious sensitivity had to be taken care of.

 

The pagoda and its buildings were severely damaged in a cyclone in 1904. Emperor Thanh Thai authorised reconstructions in 1907 and it has continued to the current day, although it was still substantially less grand and expansive as its halcyon days of the Nguyễn Dynasty before the storm. Today, a tourist facility is also present among the gardens and grounds of the temple, and a stupa has been erected in honour of Hòa Thượng Thích Ðôn Hậu, the abbot the pagoda during its resconstruction phase in the 20th century. His holy body is entombed in the stupa, which is a garden of pine trees
During the summer of 1963, Thien Mu Pagoda, like many in South Vietnam, became a hotbed of anti-government protest. South Vietnam's Buddhist majority had long been discontented with the rule of President Ngo Dinh Diem since his rise to power in 1955. Diem had shown strong favouritism towards Catholics and discrimination against Buddhists in the army, public service and distribution of government aid. In the countryside, Catholics were de facto exempt from performing  corvée (unfree but paid minimal in kind) labour and in some rural areas, Catholic priests led private armies against Buddhist villages. Discontent with Diem exploded into mass protest in Hue during the summer of 1963 when nine Buddhists died at the hand of Diem's army and police on Vesak, the birthday of Gautama Buddha. In May 1963, a law against the flying of religious flags was selectively invoked; the Buddhist  flag was banned from display on Vesak while the Vatican flag was displayed to celebrate the anniversary of the consecration of Archbishop Ngo Dinh Thuc, Diem's brother. The Buddhists defied the ban and a protest that began with a march starting from Tu Dam Pagoda to the government broadcasting station was ended when government forces opened fire. As a result, Buddhist protests were held across the country and steadily grew in size, asking for the signing of a Joint Communique to end religious inequality. Thien Mu Pagoda was a major organising point for the Buddhist movement and was often the location of hunger strikes, barricades and protests.
In the early 1980s, a person was murdered near the pagoda and the site became the focal point of anti-communist protests, closing traffics around the Phú Xuân Bridge. The communist government responded by arresting monks on the charge of disturbing traffic flow and public order.
The temple also houses the Austin motor vehicle in which Thich Quang Duc was driven to his self-immolation in Saigon in 1963 against the Diem regime. It was the first of a series of self-immolations by members of the Buddhist clergy, which brought the plight of Buddhists to the attention of the international community.

 The sky was becoming menacing and it was advisable to go back to the hotel. But we were happy that we did the boat ride and saw the pagoda  a day early as the Minh was not sure of the weather next day. We

Accommodation: Hotel in Hue  -    Duy Tan 2 hotel

Meal: Breakfast,
21 Nov Day 8: Hue City tour
Hue Overview
For a comprehensive Hue Overview, it is essential to trace the growth of the city from its very beginning to what it has become today, along with many additions that have taken place, as it evolved over a course of many years, leaving a mark on the pages of Vietnam's history. Hue was the capital of Vietnam during the feudal rule from 1802 to 1945 under the Nguyen dynasty and subsequently the centre of architectural evolution of the era. Not surprisingly, it is known for the magnificent architecture of its citadels, palaces, royal tombs, pagodas and temples juxtaposed against a lush scenic background of greenery on the banks of the Perfume River, inspiring many poetries and eulogies for their spellbinding beauty.
The various structures that are a hallmark of the ancient architecture of the land are laid out in harmony with nature and in accordance with the principles of geomancy (feng shui). Apart from its splendid monuments that are a fond reminder of the past glory of the city, the ancient traditions and practices of the people of Hue are still an innate part of the modern day life today. One can get a vivid glimpse of the cultural traditions of Hue, as passed down from generations, in their daily routines and activities in religion, gastronomy, handicraft, music, the performing arts and traditional festivals.
It is due to these cultural treasures and vestiges that Hue became Vietnam's first World Cultural Heritage site recognized by UNESCO in 1993.


 After the breakfast, keeping our fingers crossed we moved out for city tour with Minh. Sky was still menacing and I was really more concerned about the photos. My previous day’s photos were all dim and hazy.
We went for a round to the nearby area to have a feel for it before we went for sightseeing. Markets were crowded with morning shoppers for fruits and vegetables. The road side eateries were doing brisk business.
      

We took a taxi and went straight to Citadel

Citadel: It’s imposing structure is visible from distance with Vietnam flag. A day before we saw it while boating in Perfume River.

The riverside flag tower in front of the citadel.

The main reason to visit Hue is the citadel of the old capitol, along with the royal tombs scattered around the countryside. The citadel was begun in 1804 and served as Vietnam's capital until around 1945. The first thing you'll see on approaching it is the big flag tower (Cot Co). The photo above was taken from the Ngo Mon Gate, the main entrance to the citadel. All visitors must enter by this gate, and pay the 55,000 Dong (2.75 USD) entrance fee.

The Phoenix Gate to the citadel.

The lower part of the gate is stone, while on top is the "Belvedere of the Five Phoenixes" where the emperor appeared on important occasions, and where the last emperor abdicated to Ho Chi Minh's Revolutionary Government in 1945.

Bridge across a moat to the Thai Hoa Palace.

Just inside the gate is a lotus pond with a bridge once reserved for the emperor's private use. Across the bridge is the Thai Hoa Palace used for official receptions and other important court ceremonies. The columns supporting the roof are lacquered and inlaid with gold.

You have to use your imagination to see the Forbidden Purple City.

Behind the Thai Hoa Palace are a pair of smaller halls used by mandarins to prepare for court ceremonies. The halls form a courtyard, the fourth side of which was once a wall dividing the more public area of the citadel from the emperor's private residence, the "Forbidden Purple City." The name conjures up images of grand palaces like Beijing. Unfortunately, it takes quite a bit of imagination to picture the buildings that once occupied what is now a grassy expanse. What wasn't destroyed by a fire in 1947 was bombed in the 1968 Tet Offensive. The picture at above left was taken from the upper-most level looking back at the Thai Hoa palace and the Flag tower.



The Thai Binh Lau, or Royal Library.

Off to one side of the central axis of the forbidden city, about midway, is the Thai Binh Lau or Royal Library. This small building stands in a garden and is fronted by small pond mostly taken up by a mountain-island well-grown with moss and bonsai. You will find similar ponds, fountains or even large bowls of water in many structures all over Vietnam.

Exit gate off the side of the citadel.

Although you must enter the citadel through the main gate, you can exit it at several other points. Between the Thai Hoa palace and the halls of the mandarins, a path leads to the Hien Nhon gate (left). Leaving by this gate is the shortest route to get from the forbidden city to themuseum at Long An palace. Along the path are a couple of buildings worth a look.



      
Then, we continue to visit a tomb monument of King Tu Duc and Khai Dinh which are located in a very special area. More than just a tomb visiting, it’s the chance to learn more about Nguyen King and the landscape is spectacular.              Back to hotel in the late afternoon.

There are six tombs of different kings but Minh suggested us to see two most important ones.

Royal tomb of King Tu Duc:

                            tomb                          Ravages of weather and war                      Tu Duc’s mother’s palace
  
It was spread in a very large area and it seemed that whole city was developed in Tu Duc’s time along with his own tomb. He lived and ruled from here leaving the Citadel , the seat of power of earlier dynasty
      The Tu Duc Royal Tomb in Hue, Vietnam is one of several Royal Tombs in the outskirts of the former Imperial Capital. was built between 1864 and 1867, and was designed as a tribute to the fourth Nguyen Emperor’s long and somewhat sad life.
      Tu Duc struggled with rebellion, French encroachment, and court intrigues for thirty-odd years (Tu Duc is the longest-reigning Nguyen Emperor on record). Towards the end of his life, the Emperor retreated into his tomb, creating a fantasy-land where he could compose poetry, hunt, and console himself through his concubines.
      No other Royal Tomb in Hue can compare to Tu Duc’s in the department of size and luxuriousness. The tomb’s architecture was designed to work in harmony with the carefully-manicured landscape.
      The Emperor used this site as his home away from home, so everything had to meet the Emperor’s exacting specifications: a sprawling 30-acre manor that could accommodate the Emperor and his entire retinue; pine forests and manicured grounds where the Emperor could walk undisturbed; pleasure pavilions where the Emperor could write verse; and a lake with its own small island, where the Emperor could hunt miniature animals if he so wished.
       For all that, the Emperor affected humility as his end neared, adding the word Khiem, or “modesty”, to all the building names in his tomb complex.
       The tomb site and its buildings are relatively well-preserved despite the ravages of war and time, and serve as a reminder that money and power can only buy one so much happiness.


    
Emperor Tu Duc enjoyed the longest reign of any monarch of the Nguyen dynasty, ruling from 1848-83. Although he had over a hundred wives and concubines, he was unable to father a son (possibly he became sterile after contracting smallpox). Thus, it fell to him to write his own epitaph on the deeds of his reign. He felt this was a bad omen, but the epitaph can still be found inscribed on the stele in the pavilion just to the east of the Emperor's tomb. This stele is the largest of its type in Vietnam, and had to be brought here from a quarry over 500 kilometers away--a trip that took four years.
Tu Duc began planning his tomb long before his death in 1883. The major portions of the tomb complex were completed from 1864-67, along with future temple buildings that served as a palatial retreat for Tu Duc and his many wives during his lifetime. Construction of the tomb demanded so much corvee labor and extra taxation that there was an abortive coup against Tu Duc in 1866. This was put down, and for the remainder of his life, Tu Duc continued to use the tomb's palace buildings as his place of residence.
Amenities for the living are unmatched at any other tomb in Vietnam. Here, the Emperor could boat on the lake and hunt small game on the tiny island in the lake's middle. He could recline at Xung Khiem Pavilion and recite or compose poetry in the company of his concubines. After trips on the lake, the boats would moor at Du Khiem Pavilion, from which the Emperor and his entourage could walk directly west into the palace area of the tomb.
After the Emperor's death in 1883 his adopted son Kien Phuc took over as the Nguyen Emperor. Perhaps because he only ruled seven months before dying, a separate tomb was not established for him. Instead, he was laid to rest in a small corner on the grounds of Tu Duc's tomb. Between the tombs of Tu Duc and his son is the tomb of Empress Le Thien Anh, Tu Duc's primary wife.
Interestingly, despite the grandeur of the site and the amount of time Tu Duc spent here, he was actually buried in a different, secret location somewhere in Hue. To keep the secret safe the 200 laborers who buried the king were all beheaded after they returned from the secret route. To this day, the real tomb of Tu Duc remains hidden for future generations to discover.
Tomb of Khai Din:
 






Colonial Influences

View up the tomb of Khai Dinh

If the tomb of Tu duc is "the sublime" then the tomb of Khai Dinh is the ridiculous. Unlike many of the other tombs, this one is built into the side of a hill, and is, essentially, all of one piece. Its more European that the other tombs, having been built towards the end of the Nguyen period when the French were beginning to dominate the country. Parts of this concrete construction resemble a finely carved sugar confection.

Googly eyes of a dragon on the stele pavilion.

Still, there are elements similar to the other tombs. There is the sequence of three courtyards, here separated by stairs instead of grand avenues. In the middle courtyard is a pavilion containing a stele like the other tombs. The columns supporting this pavilion's roof are decorated with carved dragons sporting glass eyes (right). Its a bit over the top, in my opinion.


 

Interior mosaic work.

Of course, "understated" is not a term you would use at all in regards to this structure. Up some more stairs from the stele is the main building. Outside is all white carved stone, while inside every inch of wall is covered with three-dimensional murals made out of colorful bits of broken pottery. The outer chamber depicts scenes of the seasons and other designs (left). It's clever, if not exactly my idea of beauty.

 sarcophagus of Khai Din

The real gaudiness is reserved for the inner chamber. Here, a gilt life-size statue of Khai Dinh sits enthroned under a canopy also decorated with bits of broken porcelain while the ceiling is a painted sky full of dragons (right).
Many guidebooks are very derogatory about this tomb. Granted, it's not all to my taste, it's rather kitsch, but is not completely unsuccessful. And the view from the top of the stairs is definitely one which fits the eternal tastes of an emperor, even in the rain.

View  from the tomb.










Dong Ba Market
  
There are many market which have come up but this is the oldest and modt traditional reflecting the culture and way of life of the locals. Back to its history, Dong Ba market was originally positioned outside the citadel's Chanh Dong gate, where currently stands the park at the end of the Phan Dang Luu street. The market was totally burn down in 1885. Two years later, Emperor Dong Khanh had it rebuilt and named it Dong Ba. However, in the year of 1889, King Thanh Thai had it moved to the present site which is about 100km north of Truong Tien Bridge. It is the convenient location that leads to its popularity. Under the greatest restoration in 1987, Dong Ba market was much upgraded into the area of 47.614 square meters attracting from 5000 to 7000 people coming everyday.
We gave it a miss due to wet weather and by late afternoon we came back to hotel. We again went out in the evening in the nearby area and enjoyed a leisure walk till bed time.






22 Nov Day 9: Hue – Saigon

7.10 A.M After our breakfast at the hotel, the driver came at the hotel lobby and
Transferred us  to the airport to take the morning flight to Saigon which departed at 8.50 AM
10.10 am : we arrived  at Saigon airport, met Asia Top Travel tour expert, Mai, at the hotel lobby. We had an introductory talk with her. She was very pleasant and well informed.
First of all we went to see the famous Cu Chi Tunnels.
The Cu Chi Tunnels are a network of underground tunnels, carved out by hand, located 55 miles northwest of Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon). About two hours' drive from the former South Vietnam capital, Cu Chi Tunnels today comprise a popular Saigon tourist destination that provides visitors with an evocative look at Vietnam War history.
No grimy, insect-ridden hellholes here; the Vietnamese government has cleaned the place up and set up numerous exhibits around the site, not to mention a well-stocked souvenir shop and a firing range where visitors can fire automatic weapons for about a dollar a bullet.

A brief on tunnels: In the Sixties and Seventies, Cu Chi was part of hotly contested territory during the Vietnam War. Cu Chi was a point in the "Iron Triangle", a 60 square mile area in the Binh Duong province of Vietnam whose residents sympathized with the Viet Cong, or Communist rebels in the South.
Cu Chi also functioned as an important depot in the "Ho Chi Minh Trail", through which supplies and troops filtered from Communist North Vietnam to rebels in American-allied South Vietnam. The U.S. military top brass recognized the importance of the Cu Chi Tunnels, and tried several times to flush the tunnels out.
Operation Crimp in 1966 attempted to bomb the Viet Cong out of their position, but many parts of the tunnel network were bomb-proof. Booby-traps in the tunnels scared off the 8,000 American and allied soldiers on the ground at Cu Chi. The tunnels' innovative engineering meant that grenades and poison gas couldn't flush out or trap the Viet Cong inside the tunnels.
Operation Cedar Falls in 1967 increased the troop complement to 30,000, including "tunnel rats", or specialists trained in tunnel warfare (see image above). "Tunnel rats" had no fancy equipment - at most they'd be equipped with a .45 pistol, a knife, and a flashlight.
Carpet bombing and tunnel rat infiltration succeeded up to a certain point, but the local guerrilla units simply melted into the jungles, taking back Cu Chi when U.S. operations in the area had ceased.
   What made Cu Chi Tunnels so successful as a base of operations? Chalk it up to the tunnels' brilliant engineering: borne out of trial and error, as well as the hard work of the Viet Cong, who carved the tunnels out by hand with simple picks and shovels.
At its heyday, the tunnel network stretched over 75 miles underground, reaching as far as the border of Cambodia. The tunnels were eked out by hand, at a rate of five to six feet a day.
The tunnel network contained hospitals, living quarters, kitchens, bomb shelters, theaters, and weapons factories.
Smoke from kitchens and weapons factories were built with long multi-chambered chimneys that would disperse the smoke from fires, preventing any revealing plumes from being seen by enemy forces.
Ground-level air vents were disguised as anthills or termite mounds.
Quietly burrowing right under the U.S. forces' feet, the tunnels provided safe hiding places and invisible hatchways through which Viet Cong could strike at a moment's notice, and vanish just as quickly as they appeared.
       U.S. soldiers who tried to infiltrate the tunnels faced multiple challenges: the cramped tunnels were too small for most American servicemen (though just right for the slim, short Vietnamese), and the passageways bristled with stinging insects and lethal booby traps.
Tripwires would detonate mines or grenades; pits swung open to impale soldiers on sharpened bamboo punji stakes.
The surrounding countryside was littered with improvised mines, jeopardizing American forces on the ground. The source of these mines? The American forces themselves.
Bombs and other weapons used by American forces were collected by Viet Cong and brought to Cu Chi's underground smithies, where they were converted into mines, rocket launchers, and other weapons. In short, the Americans were giving the Viet Cong free weaponry to be used against themselves!
The war was over by 1975; the Communist North eventually took the South in one push, and the tunnels was subsequently cleaned up as a war memorial.
Today, Vietnamese tourists come to commemorate their dead and remember the struggle, while loads of Western tourists come to explore the tunnels for themselves.
Some tunnels have been enlarged for the sake of bulkier Westerners. These tunnels are sprayed and cleaned regularly, so visitors don't get bitten or blinded by dust or vermin.
The only hazard down there is claustrophobia - even the enlarged version is a tight duck-walk, and it's an immense relief to make it up the metal staircase that leads aboveground.
The tunnels open to tourists are just a tiny fraction of the Cu Chi network at its peak; most of the tunnels have collapsed from disuse, so the tourist site features one enlarged tunnel and a few bolt-holes for demonstration purposes.
The bolt-hole shown above demonstrates the tunnels' small size and high stealth factor. The holes and tunnels fit the slim, compact frame of most Vietnamese, and exclude the tall, stocky frames common among American servicemen.
A Cu Chi guide demonstrates how to enter and shut the hole - the guide enters feet first, holds the lid high above his head (left), and bends at the knee so the rest of his body can slide into the opening (center).
Once his whole body is inside, the guide then slides the lid into place (right), leaving almost nothing on the surface that indicates the location of the hole.
For American servicemen in the area during the Vietnam War, it must have felt like being attacked by ghosts.
Cu Chi Tunnel exhibits are clumped into a few key groups.
 
The amphitheatre is normally the first stop on the tour - tourists are escorted into a hollowed-out pit in the ground, covered with a camouflaged roof, and shown a diagram of the Cu Chi Tunnels, as well as a black-and-white propaganda video made in the 1970s.
Visitors are then escorted by guides to check out other practical demonstrations of Cu Chi Tunnels' tools of war. One underground pavilion showcases the different types of traps laid by Viet Cong to ensnare American troops in the area. The traps are laid out against a painted backdrop showing U.S. soldiers in the throes of agony. The examples shown in the pavilion are quite ingenious (if cruel), ranging from simple bear traps to door traps that swing down on victims unlucky enough to open the wrong door.
Another pavilion covers a diorama depicting a typical Viet Cong weapons factory. Unexploded U.S. bombs and other captured weapons were brought to these factories, where they were fashioned into mines, grenades, and other weapons that could be used against American forces in Vietnam.
Out in the open, visitors can see tunnels and tunnel openings in action; examples of captured American weaponry (including masses of unexploded bombs, and most spectacularly, a decommissioned Sherman tank); and a demonstration of a pit trap in action, its bottom lined with sharpened punji stakes.
At the end of the trail, a substantially-stocked souvenir shop awaits thirsty visitors, selling food, drink, and tokens of the trip.
You can purchase a copy of the propaganda video they showed you at the ampitheater (if one viewing wasn't enough for you), or buy mementoes including (but not limited to) lighters salvaged from American servicemen, embossed with division insignias and hard-ass mottoes ("I know I'm going to heaven because I've already been to hell: Vietnam").
If souvenirs are not your thing, you can spend your money instead on ammunition for the nearby firing range. No charge for firing your choice of weapon, but the ammo doesn't come cheap - rates as of November 2009 are as follows:
·         M16, M60 - VND 30,000 per bullet, or about $1.67
·         AK-47 - VND 26,000 per bullet, or about $1.45
·         M30, M1 - VND 24,000 per bullet, or about $1.34
·         K54, K59 - VND 25,000 per bullet, or about $1.40
The tour takes three hours from start to finish - not including transport to the site and back, but including a trip to a Handicap Handicrafts outlet, where living victims of the war create artworks for export.
WAR REMNENTAS  MUSEUM:
     
The War Remnants Museum is a war museum at 28 Vo Van Tan, in District 3, Ho Chi Minh City,Vietnam. It primarily contains exhibits relating to the American phase of the Vietnam War.
Operated by the Vietnamese government, the museum was opened in September 1975 as "The House for Displaying War Crimes of American Imperialism and the Puppet Government [of South Vietnam]." Later it was known as the Museum of American War Crimes, then as the War Crimes Museum until as recently as 1993. Its current name follows liberalization in Vietnam and the normalization of relations with the United States.
The museum comprises a series of eight themed rooms in several buildings, with period military equipment located within a walled yard. The military equipment include a UH-1 "Huey" helicopter, an F-5A fighter, a BLU-82 "Daisy Cutter" bomb, M48 Patton tank, and an A-1 attack bomber.
One building reproduces the "tiger cages" in which the South Vietnamese government housed political prisoners. Other exhibits include graphic photographs, accompanied by short copy in English, Vietnamese and Japanese, covering the effects of Agent Orange and other chemical defoliant sprays, the use of napalm and phosphorus bombs, and atrocities such as the My Lai massacre. Curiosities include a guillotine used by the French and the South Vietnamese to execute prisoners, last in 1960, and three jars of preserved human foetuses deformed by exposure to dioxin.
There are a number of unexploded ordnance stored in the corner of the yard, seemingly with their charges removed.
    

After the War Memorial we went to see the Reunification palace meandering through the Ho Chi Minh City and savouring the hubbub of a very busy city on the move forward.

 The Reunification Palace that was the former residence of the President of South Vietnam until April 30, 1975.
    

Reunification Palace formerly known as Independence Palace built on the site of the former Norodom Palace, is a landmark in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. It was designed by architect Ngô Viết Thụ and was the home and workplace of the President of South Vietnam during the Vietnam War. It was the site of the end of the Vietnam War during the Fall of Saigon on April 30, 1975, when a North Vietnamese Army tank crashed through its gates.

                                    
        Prez office                            war room                             roof of palace                        banquet hall
                                                  under ground

It took almost one and half hour to see the Palace. The rooms were decorated with simple but in elegant sophistication but no where it seemed opulent. Many historic photographs were display
 




After lunch, we visit the Reunification Palace that was the former residence of the President of
South Vietnam until April 30, 1975. Then, continuing our trip visiting War Remnants Museum
that is formerly known as the Museum of American War Crimes. This is a poignant display the
futility of war. Close to the museum, we visited Giac Lam Pagoda that is Saigon’s oldest and
finest pagoda, dating back to 1744. Take continuing to Cho Lon that is well justified as
Vietnam’s largest market. We returned to our hotel via Thanh Market - a bustling shopping area.

23 Nov Day 10: Saigon – Mekong Delta
After breakfast, we left the hotel at 7.30 for a 3-hour for driving to Cai Be.
      

On our way to Cai Be we took a stop at Cao Dai Temple in My Tho City. It is a unique religion worshipping only one eye.
Cao Đài was established in the city of Tây Ninh, Vietnam, in 1926. During the First and Second Indochina Wars, members of Cao Đài were active in political and military struggles, both against French colonial forces and Prime Minister Ngô Đình Diệm of South Vietnam.
Their opposition to the communist forces until 1975 was a factor in their repression after the fall of Saigon in 1975, when the incoming communist government proscribed the practice of Cao Đài. In 1997, the Cao Đài was granted legal recognition.
According to the Cao Đài myth of creation, before God existed, there was the Tao, the nameless, formless, unchanging, eternal source referenced in the Tao Te Ching. Then a Big Bang occurred, out of which God was born (emanationism). The universe could not yet be formed and to do so, God created yin and yang. He took control of yang and shed a part of himself, creating the Goddess to preside over yin. In the presence of yin and yang, the universe was materialized. The Goddess is, literally, the mother of the myriad of things in the Universe.
   
 The altar at My Tho city                      fusion of eight gods


We took a stop en route at Trung Luong Bonsai garden and Mai asked us to take tea if so inclined. We declined and requested her to move on as we wanted to visit as many places possible than whiling away the time in refreshment. Still we took a quick round of the garden but we could not find tempting bonsais to captivate us. We proceeded to Mekong River and upon arrival, board a motorized boat to visit the popcorn cake, rice paper making family before visiting the lively floating market of Cai Be.
We got down at one rice factory on the bank of Mekong. Many were involved in making rice, coconut candies and rice paper. Making of popcorns was a delight to see. Without modern gadgets local were making these items with skilled precision and efficiency. We did taste many of the items followed by green tea.

 

Then we continue by boat towards Vinh Long province to see the diverse fish traps in order to
learn a kind of lazy fishing.  
   
                    Boat                                             make shift bridge                         cork roots

We also came across   the life at riverside. Post office, STD booths, furniture, mobile, sim cards photo goods, hardware, boat/auto repair facility, you name the thing and it is there. I was mesmerised. There were even petrol and diesel filling shops by the riverside for the motorised boats and private owners of motor bikes.
The hawkers in boats were selling all kinds of possible things.  These hawkers are not interested in the tourists. These are basically for the local population; Besides individuals even the whole sellers also buy from them.

    

Boatmen hang the item on a pole so the people living at the bank or on other boats can see from a distance and call the boat to their doorsteps. In olden times traders from different countries used to come 
  through Mekong river to sell their produce. Language being the barrier such talisman helped the natives to bargain and buy the things.





People on the bank of Mekong appeared more colourful with jest of life.

     


After cruising along small shady canals, we stepped ashore and took an opportunity to watch a typical and interesting music show of the Mekong cultural life.


                              
                    Local hospitality                                                              folk songs rendered                                               jack fruits in bonsai garden
We got down from the boat and visited a local family who offered us variety of fruits including mango. A Vietnamese girl sang romantic songs which Mai explained that a lonely young girl was calling her lover who had gone away to town and there was no news of him for long. She was accompanied on violin by another artist. Avi got so motivated that he offered to sing one song for them. He just gave few beats and the man on violin picked it immediately and Avi sang....
All of us enjoyed conversing with them with the help of our guide. The lady of the house gave a rose to Avi for the song.

 Afternoon, take a walk for about half an hour to enjoy the rural peaceful atmosphere of the countryside life Just on the river bank we visited another catholic house and was apprised of their life style. They had a carpenter’s shop just on the bank of river and just behind that the family of six were living. The outer room was decorated with family photographs and the photo of the deads were on a raised table with incense burning. I gathered from visiting many houses and meeting people that Vietnamese worship their ancestors more than any of god of their faith. The room behind was common room where the family sit and spend time together. These rooms convert into sleeping area at night. Beds were covered with bamboo mats. Kitchen and wasrooms were at the back of the house. A huge photo of Jesus was benignly smiling at us.

 

On the way back we took a stop in a garden to learn more about local fruits and trees. We drove back to Saigon after a very long trip and there was a gradual change from rural to urban area.

The next on agenda was Notre Dame Cathedral and the Central Post Office that are some of the best examples of French colonial architecture. Notre Dame Cathedral was built between 1877 and 1883, and the stones used to create it were exported in its entirety from France.
      

Following the French conquest of Cochinchina and Saigon, the Roman Catholic Church established a community and religious services for French colonialists. The first church was built on today's Ngo Duc Ke Street. There had been a Vietnamese pagoda, which had been abandoned during the war. Bishop Lefevre decided to make this pagoda a church.
The first church was too small. Thus, in 1863, Admiral Bonard decided to build a wooden church on the bank of Charner canal . Lefevre put the first stone for construction of the church on 28 March 1863. The construction was completed two years later and was called "Saigon Church". When the wooden church was damaged by termites, all church services were held in the guest-chamber of the French Governor's Palace. This palace would later be turned into a seminary until the Notre-Dame Cathedral was completed
The Statue’s Tears :
      
During October 2005, the statue was reported to have shed tears, attracting thousands of people and forcing authorities to stop traffic around the Cathedral. However, the top clergy of the Catholic Church in Vietnam confirmed that the Virgin Mary statue in front of a cathedral did not shed tears, which nevertheless failed to disperse the crowd flocking to the statue days after the incident. The reported 'tear' flowed down the right cheek of the statue.
All the original building materials were imported from France. Tiles have been carved with the words Guichard Carvin, Marseille St André France(famous society producing and exporting tiles at the beginning of the 20th century). Some tiles are carved with the words "Wang-Tai Saigon". Many tiles have since been made in Saigon City to replace the tiles that were damaged by the war. There are 56 glass squares supplied by the Lorin firm ofChartres province in France. The cathedral foundation was designed to bear ten times the weight of the cathedral.



Saigon Central Post Office is a post office in the downtown Ho Chi Minh City, near Saigon Notre-Dame Basilica, the city's main church. The building was constructed when Vietnam was part of French Indochina in the early 20th century. It has a Gothic architectural style. It was designed and constructed by the famous architect Gustave Eiffel in harmony with the surrounding area. It was built since 1891.

       



Accommodation: Hotel in Saigon
Meals: Breakfast
24 Nov Day 11: Saigon Departure (B)

We had a complete night rest but with a twitch in the heart that it was the end of our visit to Vietnam though we were coming back after Cambodia just to take flight to Singapore. We got up early next morning and drove to the bus stand to take a bus route to Phnom Penh.
  Cai Be

 
 
 
 
 

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